physics - Erikson's stages of psychosocial development

Erikson's stages of psychosocial development were developed by Erik Erikson, and describe eight developmental stages through which a healthily developing human should pass from infancy to late adulthood. In each stage the person confronts, and hopefully masters, new challenges. Each stage builds on the successful completion of earlier stages. The challenges of stages not successfully completed may be expected to reappear as problems in the future.

Age	Psychosocial crisis	Significant relations	Psychosocial modalities	Psychosocial virtues	Maladaptations/malignancies
0-1, Infant	trust vs mistrust	mother	to get, to give in return	hope, faith	sensory distortion, withdrawal
2-3, Toddler	autonomy vs shame and doubt	parents	to hold on, to let go	will, determination	impulsivity, compulsion
3-6, Preschooler	initiative vs guilt	family	to go after, to play	purpose, courage	ruthlessness, inhibition
7-12, School-age child	industry vs inferiority	neighborhood and school	to complete, to make things together	competence	narrow virtuosity, inertia
12-18, Adolescent	ego-identity vs role-confusion	peer groups, role models	to be oneself, to share oneself	fidelity, loyalty	fanaticism, repudiation
20-45, Young adult	intimacy vs isolation	partners, friends	to lose and find oneself in another	love	promiscuity, exclusivity
30-65, Middle aged adult	generativity vs self-absorption	household, co-workers	to make be, to take care of	care	overextension, rejectivity
50+, Old adult	integrity vs despair	mankind or 'my kind'	to be, through having been, to face not being	wisdom	presumption despair

Categories: Human development | Social philosophy