physics - List of laws in science

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This is a list of physical laws discovered by science.

Boyle's Law (pressure and volume of ideal gas)
Charles & Gay-Lussac (gases expand equally with the same change of temperature)
Ideal Gas Law [PV=nRT]
Dulong-Petit law (specific heat capacity at constant volume)

$c_V = \frac{3R} {M}$

Einstein
- Relativity

E = m c 2

(Energy = mass × speed of light²)

Laws of Kepler (planetary motion)
Beer-Lambert (light absorption )
Newton
- Newton's laws of motion (inertia, F = ma, action and reaction)
- Law of heat conduction
- General law of gravitation (universal gravitation force)

$F_g = \frac{Gm_1m_2} {r^2}$

Coulomb's law

$F = \frac{\left|q_1 q_2\right|}{4 \pi \epsilon_0 r^2}$

Ohm's Law

V = I R

Kirchhoff's Laws (current and voltage laws)
Maxwell's equations (electric and magnetic fields):

Name	Partial Differential form
Gauss's law:	$\nabla \cdot \mathbf{D} = \rho$

Gauss's law for magnetism:	$\nabla \cdot \mathbf{B} = 0$
Faraday's law of induction:	$\nabla \times \mathbf{E} = -\frac{\partial \mathbf{B}} {\partial t}$
Ampere's law + Maxwell's extension:	$\nabla \times \mathbf{H} = \mathbf{J} + \frac{\partial \mathbf{D}} {\partial t}$

Navier-Stokes equations of fluid dynamics

$-\nabla p + \mu \left( \nabla^2 \mathbf{u} + {1 \over 3} \nabla (\nabla \cdot \mathbf{u} ) \right) + \rho \mathbf{u} = \rho \left( { \partial\mathbf{u} \over \partial t} + \mathbf{u} \cdot \nabla \mathbf{u} \right)$

Poiseuille's law (voluminal laminar stationary flow of incompressible uniform viscous liquid through a cylindrical tube with the constant circular cross-section)

$\Phi_{V} = {\pi r^{4}\over 8 \eta} { \triangle p^{\star} \over l}$

Radiation laws
- Planck's law of black body radiation (spectral density in a radiation of a black-body)
- Wien's law (wavelength of the peak of the emission of a black body) :λ₀T = k_w
- Stefan-Boltzmann law (total radiation from a black body)

$j^{\star} = \sigma T^4$

Thermodynamics
- Onsager reciprocal relations - sometimes called the Fourth Law of Thermodynamics

$\mathbf{J}_{u} = L_{uu}\, \nabla(1/T) - L_{ur}\, \nabla(m/T) \!$ ; and

$\mathbf{J}_{r} = L_{ru}\, \nabla(1/T) - L_{rr}\, \nabla(m/T) \!$ .

Buys-Ballot's law (wind travels counterclockwise around low pressure systems in the Northern Hemisphere)

List of laws in science

See also